什么是51%的攻击?
在工作证明(PoW算法)加密货币中,节点通常被设置为识别具有最长的区块链(最具散列能力的链)作为历史的正确版本。拥有50%以上网络散列能力(算力)的矿工可以利用这一点将资金发送到主链上的一个地址,同时将相同的资金发送到另一个地址上的支链副本上,他们正在悄悄地挖掘比主链更多的散列能力。
由于其他节点只知道主链,他们会将第一个交易视为有效,而交易所等将接受该交易视为有效。这个恶意节点稍后可以释放这些默默挖掘的块,其他节点将接受这个新的’正确链’,因为它的链更长。这将导致原始交易消失,节点会将资金认定为从新链中发送到地址。这被称为“双重花费”攻击。
大多数大型加密货币都拥有足够的采矿能力,因此获得必要的硬件来吸引像这样的攻击是非常昂贵的。较小的加密货币具有较少的散列能力来保护网络,从而可以简单地从矿工那里租用像Nicehash这样的散列能力服务几个小时。这大大降低了攻击的资金成本。
最近几周有51%的攻击事件发生,其中包括 几天前对比特币黄金的高调攻击,其中1800万美元被盗。
有人编写了最受欢迎的硬币集合,以及每个网络51%攻击的理论成本(考虑到最近的比特币黄金和威胁攻击)以及每小时攻击成本的成本。
这个网站crypto51.app被设置为显示每个区块链/网络可能为不良演员所经历的预计成本这些数据是从一些资源中提取的,比如MineTheCoin.com的哈希率,当然还有CoinMarketCap.com的价格,然后租赁价格是基于NichHash.com的费率。
网址:https://crypto51.app
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